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Introduction/Objective Numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants/lineages have been identified based on genome sequencing. As of June 15, 2022 almost 11,399,573 whole genome sequences have been deposited in the GISAID-database. Severity and spread of COVID19 is based on their efficiency of infection and to multiply in host. That largely depend upon the structural mutation in spike, ORF and N proteins etc. That happens due to translation of genomic mutations during polypeptide synthesis. Also, the mutations are region/country specific. Specific mutation and combination of mutation causes the emergence of new strains. However, the strains can migrate from one region to other through travelers. The main objective of the current study is profiling of mutations in the genome of SARSCoV2 using Next- Generation-Sequencing (NGS) in international travelers and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences to find out different clades of SARSCoV2. Methods/Case Report A total of 557 SARSCoV2 genomes were sequenced on S4-sequencing flow-cell on NovaSeq 6000. For NGS of SARS-CoV-2 genome, Illumina, COVIDSeq kits and the protocols will be used strictly as recommended by the manufacturer. After NGS the analysis was done followed by FASTA sequences retrieval, mutations recording and phylogeny. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) This study reports 11 clades (19A, B, 20A, B, C, D, 20E;EU1, 20G, 20H;Beta V2, 20I: Alpha V1, 21D;and Eta) for the first time in international travelers. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the COVIDSeq approach for detection of mutation in SARSCoV2 genomic clades. The study revealed some dominants mutations was (Orf1a: P2018Q, K1053R, E176V, Orf1b: A520V, T2165A, S: D1127G, D614G, L18F etc. in other genes). Conclusion Profiling of common mutations among travelers could fill some gaps about the existence of SARS-CoV-2 variants information. However, further studies are needed to consolidate these findings before to be utilized for development of a potential therapeutic strategy.
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The main purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of bankruptcy risk of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large firms on firm profitability. By employing the secondary data from the CRIBIS database of the Czech firms from the ten sectors, the bankruptcy risk is measured by Altman model and Springate model. This is the first study examining the impacts of the firm size on firm profitability by simultaneously employing the Altman and Springate models. We employed the two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) to estimate the regression models. The findings revealed three important results: 1) there is a positive relationship between the bankruptcy models and firm profitability;2) SMEs earn more profits than large firms;3) the bankruptcy risk for SMEs is higher than the large firms. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Rationale: SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as a highly infective and contagious viral infection. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been spread worldwide and affected more than 210 countries. Globally, the fast spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has been mostly attributed to international travel. Patient concerns: We are reporting the genomic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Eta VOI among two international travelers. Both travelers were males from Nigeria aged 24 and 34 years and both were asymptomatic. Diagnosis: The nasopharyngeal swab samples were in both travelers positive by real-time RT-PCR followed by COVIDSeq-NGS. Interventions: Paracetamol 3 times daily for 5 days. Outcomes: Patient recovered completely within 10 days and discharged after 14 days of quarantine duration. Lessons: This report highlights genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 among the travelers. For managing the present health crisis, molecular identification of viral variants present in different geographical locations will be very helpful.
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Working capital management (WCM) plays an important role in a firm's value, financial risk, and firm profitability. WCM requires continuous management to maintain a certain level of the numerous components of working capital (WC). The main aim of this study is to estimate the efficiency of WCM of certified firms from the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model. The study also tests the speed to attain each firm's target level of efficiency using industry norms as the target level of efficiency. The financial data of the Czech certified firms from the manufacturing sector was derived from the CRIBIS database from 2015 to 2020. The efficiency of WCM is measured by utilization index (UI), performance index (PI), and efficiency index (EI). The findings revealed that Gerresheimer Horsovsky Tyn Spol., Miele Technika, and Koyo Bearings Ceska Republika efficiently managed WC, as their indexes are greater than 1. The number of efficient firms was the lowest in 2020 based on the year-wise comparison which means that the efficiency of WCM of the firms was severely affected by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). All the beta values are lower than one, which signifies that none of the selected firms outperform the manufacturing industry as a whole. The findings of the current research are useful to the management of the firms and recommends that they give importance to the different indexes of WCM and efficiently use the current assets to generate sales.
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This chapter is about analyzing cybersecurity risks and their mitigation for work-from-home considering the COVID-19 situation, concerning the tools and techniques being used to run the organization’s operations. This chapter will help you understand the utilizations of online stages as a home office, and it will clear all the issues that emerge during this pandemic circumstance. Everything is discussed in insights concerning the dangers of tools and applications, which has picked up the business's goal shockingly. This is the worst pandemic that ever happened to humanity because every company and department suffers from this tragedy. Moreover, cybercriminals are constantly looking for new attack vectors. Already they have attempted to exploit the servers of many corona research centers. Also, they have strived to take over video conferencing platforms like zoom. Alleviation of those all-outsider applications and their answers are covered in this study work, which will assist you to make your home environment and your home office safe. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Prior research suggests that reliance on news media is dramatically increased during a public health crisis because people need more information to reduce their anxiety levels. This is an ideal situation for editorialists to influence the public policy-making process around certain social issues related to that health crisis, particularly if established by the scientific community. Drawing on media dependency theory and editorial journalism conceptual framework, we analyzed the editorial coverage of environmental issues in four leading majority world English language newspapers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that in relation to advocating environmental issues, the editorialists either ignored linking environmental issues to the pandemic or, if they established a link, gave negligible coverage, hence seem to have failed to perform their normative role. Thus, we recommend that civic advocacy groups help build the news media capacity regarding how to cover environmental issues amid a pandemic © 2022. (Shafiq Ahmad Kamboh, Muhammad Ittefaq, and Muhammad Yousaf). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org
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Background: In November-December 2019, a plethora of pneumonia like cases were reported in Wuhan, China. After some time, the causative agent of this ailment was identified and named as a novel coronavirus 2. This novel virus spread over the world with no time and declared as pandemic by WHO. To develop antiviral drugs, different clinically used drugs were used as a trial but went in vain. In the current study, we choose an herb with already known therapeutic effects to check its antiviral properties against this virus too. Methods: Cassia angustifolia is a well-known herb for pharmaceutical industries as its different compounds are already used in different medicines. Here we performed molecular docking of main compounds of Cassia angustifolia against the main protease of SARS-nCoV2 and were compared with different drugs that are already being used on commercial bases to obtain the lowest energy complex. Auto-Dock vina and its packages were used for molecular docking of SARS-nCov2. Results: Molecular docking of Cassia angustifolia compounds represent very promising binding energies complexes, e.g., Sennoside B gives -9.05kcal/mol and Aloe-Emodin give -4 Kcal/mol of energy against the main protease of coronavirus. In contrast, a couple of commercially used antiviral drugs were also evaluated against the selected protein of coronavirus e.g., Hydroxychloroquine and Ribavirin complexes appeared with -5.2 Kcal/mol and -6.3 Kcal/mol of energy respectively. Conclusion: Many compounds of Cassia angustifolia showed the promising energy complexes even better than the commercially used antiviral drugs e.g., Sennoside B which has the best energies against main protease of coronavirus. Further, in-vivo and in-vitro studies are needed to validate this hypothesis with advanced MD simulations and wet-lab experimentations.
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Aim: To assess the main radiological feature of chest radiography for diagnosis and evaluation of COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A literature search was performed with the use of search engines. The following search engines provided us articles for this systematic review from until 27 February 2021: PubMed, NCBI, Medline, Medscape, and Google Scholar. We included only those articles in which CXR was performed on infected patients for the detection and evaluation of COVID-19. Results: out of eighty (80) articles, only twelve (12) were included in this review to assess the main radiological feature of chest radiography of COVID-19 patients. Patients who went for chest x-ray have shown following radiographic features with pooled percentages as mentioned GGO 32.38%, consolidation 35.15%, vascular congestion sign 7.92%, nodules 33.57% whereas pleural effusion accounts 19.36%, pneumothorax 18.55%, and lymphadenopathy was noted on 1.96%. Pooled Percentages of radiographic features of COVID-19 patients in right lung, left lung or both affected lungs were 21.32%, 5.77% and 47.78% respectively. This calculation is showing B/L lung involvement is more dominant as compare to right and left lung independently. Conclusion: Chest radiograph can be helpful modality in the diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of SARS- CoV 2 pneumonia patients. Consolidation, GGO with peripheral distribution of lesion and bilateral pneumonia are most common findings of COVID-19 on chest X-ray. Chest x-ray are the baseline/first line approach for COVID-19 as it is easily available. Moreover, in late stages multiple radiological findings are quite helpful.
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The current epidemic situation due to COVID-19 is a public health disaster worldwide. Forecasting play's, a crucial role in determining the pandemic's hypothetical situation and economic situation. It provides the base for authorities, public health officials, management teams, and other stakeholders to plan for future preventive actions in their companies, citizens, and governments. This paper proposes Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average mathematical modeling in integration with Box-Jenkins' model-building approach examining the variation in pandemic severity through the Loess smoothed curves to forecast the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The time-plot and forecasting results show Chinese resilience to pact with pandemic situation effectively whereas India was severely affected by the pandemic. The future forecast for India shows the worst situation by the end of 2021. Pakistan and Bangladesh are the least affected among the specified countries while decline in weekly death cases has been observed in Iran till the end of 2021. We observed the Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 2.08% globally. © 2021 IEEE.
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A novel virus is discovered recently, named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is spreading rapidly worldwide. The emerging genetics and clinical evidence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus suggest a similar path to those of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus causes respiratory illness in humans and infect several other species of animals. It was one of the best interests of researchers as it attracted virologist's attention in last two decades. It was clear from an epidemic in 2002-2003 of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that human civilization may have animal coronavirus as its potential threat in the future. However, the mechanism of this virus spreading from one specie to another remained obscure these years. The 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic of animals, and now this COVID-19 pandemic prioritizes the human coronavirus for further research and exploration. However, General hygiene, social distancing, and disinfection can prevent the person-to-person spread of coronavirus. This review focuses on SARS-CoV-2, which is emerged from China in December 2019 and caused a novel disease named as COVID-19. The current review has an insight to possible treatment COVID-19 followed by a short review of In silico candidate drug design and prevention;This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Databases, including Health Research and Development Information network Plus (HERDIN Plus), Science direct, PubMed and google scholar were visited to search the articles. Further, the forecasting results of the fitted model show a significant decrease in the weekly global deaths from the 51th week of 2020 16th week of 2021 but 95% limit has also shown the potential of getting the situation worser amid COVID-19 second wave.
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Bankruptcy is an important topic in academic research and practice. It is a burning issue worldwide in the current COVID-19 situation. The aim of this study is to examine the financial risks of Czech companies. By employing the stepwise regression technique to estimate the financial risks, the p-values of all selected 15 financial ratios (explanatory variables) were calculated. If the p-value of the variable is more than the level of significance, the particular variable is removed from the model and another regression model is calculated. The findings from the stepwise regression revealed that return on capital, current ratio, net working capital turnover rate, and current assets turnover rate have a positive influence on company’s financial health. On the contrary, return on capital employed, asset turnover rate, inventory turnover rate, fixed assets turnover rate, and debt to equity ratio negatively impact the company’s financial health. The findings of this study will be fruitful for managers, policymakers, and investors of the companies to estimate and assess financial risks. © Muhammad Yousaf, Petr Bris, 2021.
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Corona virus (CoV) is a group of viruses with non-bifurcated, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. Apart from infecting several economically significant vertebrates (such as pigs and chickens), it is reported in the recent literature that six main types of CoVs infect the human hosts and cause lung infections. In animals, CoVs cause several diseases, including pneumonia, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system diseases. In humans, the CoVs work as respiratory tract diseases, and the new CoVs can penetrate the barrier between other species and humans and can cause a high mortality rate. In the course of this study, a novel approach to networking, based on the density-dependent differential equations, is adopted for the precise explanation of the propagation of the virus and the effect of quarantine on it. An infectious disease model with a time delay is suggested based on the conventional infectious disease model. To describe the viral infection period and treatment time, the time differential is used. Using the epidemic data released in real-time, the minimum error is obtained firstly through the inversion of the numerical simulation parameter;then we simulate the development pattern of the epidemic according to the dynamics system;finally, the effectiveness of quarantine steps is compared and analyzed. With the help of a discrete model, the transformations are documented in detail that is difficult to evaluate numerically. The provided numerical results are in close agreement with the experimental findings. The modeling of Petri nets (PNs) used has proven to be a successful method. The current research strategy can help the public to gain awareness of the disease spread, which is highly desired.
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Purpose Citizen journalism practices through social networking sites are increasingly becoming an imperative source of public opinion formation. Given the increase in the volume of information sharing on social media during COVID-19, this study aims to grasp the largely unknown interaction of the individual's trust in citizen journalism practices and public perception formulation. Drawing on this idea, the study has twofold objectives: first, to examine the influence of user-generated information about economic policies of government during COVID-19 as the antecedent of public perception about government performance and second, to identify the moderating role of trust in citizen journalism practices during COVID-19 through social networking sites. Design/methodology/approach The study used a survey method and a sample of 464 adults were collected through an online administrated questionnaire. Findings The findings specify that user-generated content that is pro-government economic policies during COVID-19 positively influenced the perception of government performance. On the other hand, user-generated information that criticized government economic policies had a negative influence on public perception. Originality/value This study seeks to intensify the understudied phenomenon of how nature and source of the information could interact to influence one's information processing during a crisis such as pandemic COVID-19. Furthermore, only a little research has been conducted in this area focusing on two mechanisms, namely;citizen journalism and trust in social media user-generated information about prevailing economic insecurities during crisis provided through citizen journalism.
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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can be transmitted from one person to another. Earlier strains have only been mild viruses, but the current form, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a deadly infection. The outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread worldwide. The symptoms of COVID-19 include a dry cough, sore throat, fever, and nasal congestion. Antimicrobial drugs, pathogen-host interaction, and 2 weeks of isolation have been recommended for the treatment of the infection. Safe operating procedures, such as the use of face masks, hand sanitizer, handwashing with soap, and social distancing, are also suggested. Moreover, travel bans for cities, states, and countries have been put in place, along with lockdowns to control the outbreak. Travel restrictions, mask use, sanitizer or soap use, and avoidance of touching the face and nose have produced encouraging results, whereas the effectiveness of antibiotics has not been proved. The results of isolation for the recovery of infected people have also been promising. Travel bans and lockdowns have caused a slump in economies, and unemployment has risen sharply, resulting in an increase in mental health cases globally. To date, vaccines have been developed and are in use in certain countries, but following standard operating procedures remain critical. The countries following the guidelines can eradicate this virus. New Zealand was the first country to eliminate the virus from their territory.
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As the COVID-19 is becoming an increasing health threat, it has urged the scientists all over the world to not only research about its transmission, prevalence and causes but also to spread its awareness in the maximum possible ways. Although the complete disease-causing mechanisms of COVID-19 remain to be fully elucidated, active research is being conducted continuously in the field to gather as much information about every aspect of this disease as possible. Also, a clear difference is prevalent in different regions of the world about the rate of deaths and survivals. Therefore, the current comprehensive review has been written in view of all these aspects so as to present a complete picture of where the world stands, how can the disease be coped, what myths have been developed along with this new pandemic, and what measures should be taken both at individual and states' levels to help fight against COVID-19.